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19-1324; Rev 1; 2/98
KIT ATION EVALU E AILABL AV
Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver
____________________________Features
o Low-Cost Silicon Bipolar Design o Integrated Upconvert/Downconvert Function o Operates from a Single +2.7V to +5.5V Supply o 3.2dB Combined Receiver Noise Figure: 2.4dB (LNA) 9.2dB (mixer) o Flexible Power-Amplifier Driver: 18dBm Output Third-Order Intercept (OIP3) 35dB Gain-Control Range o LO Buffer for Low LO Drive Level o Low Power Consumption: 60mW Receive 90mW Full-Power Transmit o 0.3W Shutdown Mode o Flexible Power-Down Modes Compatible with MAX2510/MAX2511 IF Transceivers
________________General Description
The MAX2411A performs the RF front-end transmit/ receive function in time-division-duplex (TDD) communication systems. It operates over a wide frequency range and is optimized for RF frequencies around 1.9GHz. Applications include most popular cordless and PCS standards. The MAX2411A includes a low-noise amplifier (LNA), a downconverter mixer, a local-oscillator buffer, an upconverter mixer, and a variable-gain power-amplifier (PA) driver in a low-cost, plastic surface-mount package. The MAX2411A's unique bidirectional, differential IF port reduces cost and component count by allowing the transmit and receive paths to share the same IF filter. The LNA has a 2.4dB typical noise figure and a -10dBm input third-order intercept point (IP3). The downconverter mixer has a low 9.2dB noise figure and 4dBm input IP3. Image and local-oscillator filtering are implemented off-chip for maximum flexibility. The PA driver amplifier has 15dB of gain, which can be reduced over a 35dB range. Power consumption is only 60mW in receive mode and 90mW in transmit mode and drops to less than 3W in shutdown mode. For applications requiring separate, single-ended IF input and output ports, refer to the MAX2410 data sheet. For applications requiring only a receive function, Maxim offers a low-cost downconverter with LNA (see the MAX2406 data sheet).
MAX2411A
_______________Ordering Information
PART MAX2411AEEI MAX2411AE/D TEMP. RANGE -40C to +85C -40C to +85C PIN-PACKAGE 28 QSOP Dice*
*Dice are specified at TA = 25C, DC parameters only.
________________________Applications
PWT1900 DCS1800/PCS1900 PHS/PACS DECT ISM-Band Transceivers Iridium Handsets
TOP VIEW
GND 1 LNAIN 2 GND 3
Pin Configuration
28 GND 27 LNAOUT 26 GND
Typical Operating Circuit appears on last page.
Functional Diagram
LNAOUT RXMXIN RX MIXER LNAIN RXEN TXEN PADROUT LNA IF IF LO LO
GND 4 VCC 5 RXEN 6 LO 7 LO 8 TXEN 9 VCC 10 GC 11 GND 12
MAX2411A
25 GND 24 RXMXIN 23 GND 22 IF 21 IF 20 GND 19 TXMXOUT 18 GND 17 GND 16 PADRIN 15 GND
POWER MANAGEMENT
MAX2411A
PA DRIVER TX MIXER GC PADRIN TXMXOUT
PADROUT 13 GND 14
QSOP ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1
For free samples & the latest literature: http://www.maxim-ic.com, or phone 1-800-998-8800. For small orders, phone 408-737-7600 ext. 3468.
Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver MAX2411A
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
VCC to GND ................................................................-0.3V to 6V LNAIN Input Power ...........................................................15dBm LO, LO Input Power ..........................................................10dBm PADRIN Input Power.........................................................10dBm RXMXIN Input Power ........................................................10dBm IF, IF Input Power (transmit mode) ...................................10dBm Voltage at RXEN, TXEN, GC.......................-0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V) Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70C) QSOP (derate 11mW/C above +70C) ........................909mW Junction Temperature ......................................................+150C Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40C to +85C Storage Temperature.........................................-65C to +165C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec) .............................+300C
Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VCC = +2.7V to +5.5V, VGC = +3.0V, RXEN = TXEN = 0.6V, PADROUT pulled up to VCC with 50 resistor; IF, IF pulled up to VCC with 50 resistor, TXMXOUT pulled up to VCC with 125 resistor, LNAOUT pulled up to VCC with 100 resistor, all RF inputs open, TA = -40C to +85C. Typical values are at +25C and VCC = +3.0V, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER Supply-Voltage Range Digital Input Voltage High Digital Input Voltage Low RXEN Input Bias Current (Note 1) TXEN Input Bias Current (Note 1) GC Input Bias Current Supply Current, Receive Mode Supply Current, Transmit Mode Supply Current, Standby Mode Supply Current, Shutdown Mode RXEN, TXEN pins RXEN, TXEN pins RXEN = 2.0V TXEN = 2.0V GC = 3V, TXEN = 2V RXEN = 2.0V TXEN = 2.0V RXEN = 2.0V, TXEN = 2.0V VCC = 3.0V 0.1 0.1 35 20 30 160 0.1 CONDITIONS MIN 2.7 2.0 0.6 1 1 51.1 29.6 44.7 520 10 TYP MAX 5.5 UNITS V V V A A A mA mA A A
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(MAX2411A EV kit, V CC = +3.0V, V GC = +2.15V, RXEN = TXEN = low, all measurements performed in 50 environment, f LO = 1.5GHz, P LO = -10dBm, f LNAIN = f PADRIN = f RXMXIN = 1.9GHz, P LNAIN = -32dBm, P PADRIN = P RXMXIN = -22dBm, fIF, IF = 400MHz, PIF = -32dBm (Note 1), TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIER (RXEN = high) Gain (Note 2) Noise Figure Input IP3 Output 1dB Compression LO to LNAIN Leakage RECEIVE MIXER (RXEN = high) Conversion Gain (Note 2) Noise Figure Input IP3 Input 1dB Compression IF Frequency Minimum LO Drive Level 2 (Notes 2, 5) (Note 6) -17 TA = +25C TA = -40C to +85C Single sideband (Note 4) 8.5 7.5 9.2 4.0 -7.7 450 9.4 10.0 10.9 dB dB dBm dBm MHz dBm RXEN = high or low (Note 3) TA = +25C TA = TMIN to TMAX 14.2 12.6 2.4 -10 -5 -49 16.2 17.4 19.1 dB dB dBm dBm dBm CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver MAX2411A
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(MAX2411A EV kit, V CC = +3.0V, V GC = +2.15V, RXEN = TXEN = low, all measurements performed in 50 environment, f LO = 1.5GHz, P LO = -10dBm, f LNAIN = f PADRIN = f RXMXIN = 1.9GHz, P LNAIN = -32dBm, P PADRIN = P RXMXIN = -22dBm, fIF, IF = 400MHz, PIF = -32dBm (Note 1), all impedance measurements made directly to pin (no matching network), TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.) PARAMETER TRANSMIT MIXER (TXEN = high) Conversion Gain (Note 1) Output IP3 Output 1dB Compression Point LO Leakage Noise Figure IF Frequency Intermod Spurious Response (Note 8) PA DRIVER (TXEN = high) Gain (Note 2) Output IP3 Output 1dB Compression Point Gain-Control Range Gain-Control Sensitivity (Note 9) Receive mode (TXEN = low) Transmit mode (RXEN = low) RXEN = low to high TXEN = low to high LOCAL-OSCILLATOR INPUTS (RXEN = TXEN = high) Input Relative VSWR 1.10 1.02 0.5 0.3 2.5 2.5 s s TA = +25C TA = TMIN to TMAX (Note 4) 13 12.3 18 6.3 35 12 15 16.4 17 dB dBm dBm dB dB/V Single sideband (Notes 2, 5) FOUT = 2LO-2IF = 2.2GHz FOUT = 2LO-3IF = 1.8GHz FOUT = 3LO-6IF = 2.1GHz -45.5 -70 -90 dBc TA = +25C TA = TMIN to TMAX (Notes 1, 7) 6.8 5.7 0.5 -11.1 -58 8.3 450 8.5 9.3 10.4 dB dBm dBm dBm dB MHz CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
POWER MANAGEMENT (RXEN = TXEN = low) Receiver Turn-On Time (Notes 2, 10) Transmitter Turn-On Time (Notes 2, 11)
Note 1: Power delivered to IF SMA connector of MAX2411A EV kit. Power delivered to MAX2411A IC is approximately 1.0dB less due to balun losses. Note 2: Guaranteed by design and characterization. Note 3: Two tones at 1.9GHz and 1.901GHz at -32dBm per tone. Note 4: Two tones at 1.9GHz and 1.901GHz at -22dBm per tone. Note 5: Mixer operation guaranteed to this frequency. For optimum gain, adjust output match. See the Typical Operating Characteristics for graphs of IF port impedance versus IF frequency. Note 6: At this LO drive level, the mixer conversion gain is typically 1dB lower than with -10dBm LO drive. Note 7: Two tones at 400MHz and 401MHz at -32dBm per tone. Note 8: Transmit mixer output at -17dBm. Note 9: Calculated from measurements taken at VGC = 1.0V and VGC = 1.5V. Note 10: Time from RXEN = low to RXEN = high transition until the combined receive gain is within 1dB of its final value. Measured with 47pF blocking capacitors on LNAIN and LNAOUT. Note 11: Time from TXEN = low to TXEN = high transition until the combined transmit gain is within 1dB of its final value. Measured with 47pF blocking capacitors on PADRIN and PADROUT.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3
Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver MAX2411A
__________________________________________Typical Operating Characteristics
(MAX2411A EV kit, VCC = +3.0V, VGC = +2.15V, RXEN = TXEN = low, all measurements performed in 50 environment, fLO = 1.5GHz, PLO = -10dBm, fLNAIN = fPADRIN = fRXMXIN = 1.9GHz, PLNAIN = -32dBm, PPADRIN = PRXMXIN = -22dBm, fIF, IF = 400MHz, PIF = -32dBm (Note 1), all impedance measurements made directly to pin (no matching network), TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
TRANSMIT-MODE SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX2411A-01
RECEIVE-MODE SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX2411A-02
SHUTDOWN SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
SHUTDOWN SUPPLY CURRENT (A) 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 VCC = 5.5V VCC = 4.0V VCC = 3.0V VCC = 2.7V -40 -15 10 35 60 85 RXEN = TXEN = GND
MAX2411A-03 MAX2411A-06
38 TRANSMITTER SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 36
24 RECEIVE SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 23 22 21 20 19 18 17
TXEN = VCC VCC = 5.5V
RXEN = VCC VCC = 5.5V
0.10
34 VCC = 4.0V 32 30 28 VCC = 2.7V 26 -40 -15 10 35 60 85 TEMPERATURE (C) VCC = 3.0V
VCC = 4.0V
VCC = 3.0V VCC = 2.7V -40 -15 10 35 60 85
0 TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
STANDBY SUPPLY CURRENT vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX2411A-04
LNA INPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2411A-05
LNA OUTPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY
40 0 250 RXEN = VCC IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE () IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE () 200 REAL IMPEDANCE () IMAGINARY 150 -50 -25 0
500 STANDBY SUPPLY CURRENT (A)
RXEN = TXEN = 2.0V
120 IMAGINARY 100 REAL IMPEDANCE () RXEN = VCC 80 60 40 REAL 20 0
400 VCC = 5.5V 300 VCC = 4.0V 200
-40 -80 -120 -160 -200
100 REAL
-75
100 VCC = 2.7V 0 -40 -15 10
VCC = 3.0V
50
-100
0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 FREQUENCY (GHz)
35
60
85
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
-125 3.0
TEMPERATURE (C)
FREQUENCY (GHz)
LNA GAIN vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2411A-07
LNA GAIN vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX2411A-08
LNA INPUT IP3 vs. TEMPERATURE
-6 -7 INPUT IP3 (dBm) -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 VCC = 5.5V VCC = 4.0V VCC = 2.7V VCC = 3.0V RXEN = VCC
MAX2411A-09
30 25 LNA GAIN (dB) 20 15 10 5 0 0
1pF SHUNT CAPACITOR AT LNA INPUT USING EV KIT MATCHING CIRCUIT (OPTIMIZED FOR 1.9GHz) RXEN = VCC
20 RXEN = VCC 19 18 LNA GAIN (dB) 17 16 15 14 13 VCC = 2.7V VCC = 3.0V VCC = 5.5V VCC = 4.0V
-5
-13 -14 -15
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
-40
-15
10
35
60
85
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
FREQUENCY (GHz)
TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
4
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver
_____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(MAX2411A EV kit, VCC = +3.0V, VGC = +2.15V, RXEN = TXEN = low, all measurements performed in 50 environment, fLO = 1.5GHz, PLO = -10dBm, fLNAIN = fPADRIN = fRXMXIN = 1.9GHz, PLNAIN = -32dBm, PPADRIN = PRXMXIN = -22dBm, fIF, IF = 400MHz, PIF = -32dBm (Note 1), all impedance measurements made directly to pin (no matching network), T A = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
LNA OUTPUT 1dB COMPRESSION POINT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX2411A-10 MAX2411A-11
MAX2411A
LNA NOISE FIGURE vs. FREQUENCY
5.0 4.5 4.0 NOISE FIGURE (dB) 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 100 480 860 1240 1620 2000 FREQUENCY (MHz) RXEN = VCC 0 OUTPUT 1dB COMPRESSION POINT (dBm)
PA DRIVER INPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY
160 140 REAL IMPEDANCE () 120 100 80 60 40 REAL TXEN = VCC IMAGINARY
MAX2411A-12
70 30 -10 -50 -90 -130 -170 -210 -250 IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE ()
RXEN = VCC -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 2.7 3.2 3.7 4.2 4.7 5.2 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
20 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 FREQUENCY (GHz)
PA DRIVER OUTPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY
200 TXEN = VCC 175 REAL IMPEDANCE () 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 FREQUENCY (GHz) REAL IMAGINARY 0 -50 -100 -150 -200 -250 -300 -350 IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE () 25 20 GAIN (dB) 15 10 5 0 0
MAX2411A-13
PA DRIVER GAIN vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2411A-14
PA DRIVER GAIN AND OUTPUT IP3 vs. GC VOLTAGE
15 GAIN (dB) OR OUTPUT IP3 (dBm) 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 GAIN IP3 TXEN = VCC
MAX2411A-15
50
30
USING EV KIT MATCHING NETWORK (OPTIMIZED FOR 1.9GHz) TXEN = VCC
20
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 GC VOLTAGE (V)
FREQUENCY (GHz)
PA DRIVER OUTPUT IP3 vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX2411A-16
PA DRIVER GAIN vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX2411A-17
PA DRIVER OUTPUT 1dB COMPRESSION vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
OUTPUT 1dB COMPRESSION POINT (dBm)
MAX2411A-18
21 TXEN = VCC 20 OUTPUT IP3 (dBm) 19 18 VCC = 4.0V 17 16 15 14 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 VCC = 3.0V VCC = 2.7V VCC = 5.5V
18 TXEN = VCC 17 PA DRIVER GAIN (dB) 16 15 14 13 12 VCC = 2.7V VCC = 5.5V VCC = 4.0V
8 6 4 TXEN = VCC 2 0 -2 VGC = 1.0V -4 2.7 3.2 3.7 4.2 4.7 5.2
VGC = 2.15V
VCC = 3.0V
100
-40
-15
10
35
60
85
5.7
TEMPERATURE (C)
TEMPERATURE (C)
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5
Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver MAX2411A
_____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(MAX2411A EV kit, VCC = +3.0V, VGC = +2.15V, RXEN = TXEN = low, all measurements performed in 50 environment, fLO = 1.5GHz, PLO = -10dBm, fLNAIN = fPADRIN = fRXMXIN = 1.9GHz, PLNAIN = -32dBm, PPADRIN = PRXMXIN = -22dBm, fIF, IF = 400MHz, PIF = -32dBm (Note 1), all impedance measurements made directly to pin (no matching network), T A = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
PA DRIVER NOISE FIGURE vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2411A-19
PA DRIVER NOISE FIGURE vs. GAIN-CONTROL VOLTAGE
MAX2411A-20
RECEIVE MIXER INPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY
100 90 80 REAL IMPEDANCE () 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 REAL IMAGINARY
MAX2410A-21
10 9 8 NOISE FIGURE (dB) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 TXEN = VCC
30 25 TXEN = VCC NOISE FIGURE (dB) 20 15 10 5 0
0 -20 IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE () IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE () -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 -140 -160 -180
RXEN = VCC
0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 GAIN-CONTROL VOLTAGE (V) FREQUENCY (GHz)
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 FREQUENCY (GHz)
-200 3.0
RECEIVE MIXER CONVERSION GAIN vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX2411Atoc22
RECEIVE MIXER INPUT IP3 vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX2411Atoc23
RECEIVE MIXER CONVERSION GAIN vs. RF FREQUENCY
16 14 CONVERSION GAIN (dB) 12 10 8 6 4 2 EV KIT MATCHING NETWORK AT RXMXIN AND IFOUT IF = 400MHz NARROW BAND MATCH AT RXMXIN, EV KIT MATCH AT IF, IF
MAX2411A toc24
12 11 10 CONVERSION GAIN (dB) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 TEMPERATURE (C) VCC = 2.7V RXEN = VCC VCC = 5.5V
6 VCC = 4.0V 5 INPUT IP3 (dBm) 4 3 2 1 RXEN = VCC 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 TEMPERATURE (C) VCC = 2.7V VCC = 5.5V
18
VCC = 3.0V
0 -2 0.5 1.0 1.5
RXEN = VCC 2.0 2.5 3.0
RF FREQUENCY (GHz)
RECEIVE MIXER GAIN AND NOISE FIGURE vs. LO POWER
MAX2411Atoc25
IF OR IF OUTPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY
1000 RXEN = VCC IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE () 800 REAL IMPEDANCE () IMAGINARY 600 SINGLE-ENDED -600 -300 REAL IMPEDANCE ()
MAX2411Atoc26
TRANSMIT MIXER OUTPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY
0 300 TXEN = VCC 250 200 150 100 50 0 -50 REAL IMAGINARY -25 -50 -75 -100 -125 -150 -175 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 -200 3.0
MAX2411A-27
14 13 GAIN AND NOISE FIGURE (dB) 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 LO POWER (dBm) GAIN NOISE FIGURE RXEN = VCC
0
400
-900
200 REAL 0 0 200 400 600 800 FREQUENCY (MHz)
-1200
-1500 1000
-100 FREQUENCY (GHz)
6
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver
_____________________________Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(MAX2411A EV kit, VCC = +3.0V, VGC = +2.15V, RXEN = TXEN = low, all measurements performed in 50 environment, fLO = 1.5GHz, PLO = -10dBm, fLNAIN = fPADRIN = fRXMXIN = 1.9GHz, PLNAIN = -32dBm, PPADRIN = PRXMXIN = -22dBm, fIF, IF = 400MHz, PIF = -32dBm (Note 1), all impedance measurements made directly to pin (no matching network), TA = +25C, unless otherwise noted.)
MAX2411A
TRANSMIT MIXER CONVERSION GAIN vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX2411Atoc28
TRANSMIT MIXER CONVERSION GAIN vs. RF FREQUENCY
MAX2411Atoc29
TRANSMIT MIXER OUTPUT IP3 vs. TEMPERATURE
TXEN = VCC 2.5 OUTPUT IP3 (dBm) VCC = 4.0V VCC = 5.5V
MAX2411A toc30
12 TXEN = VCC 10 CONVERSION GAIN (dB) 8 VCC = 2.7V 6 4 2 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 TEMPERATURE (C) VCC = 4.8V VCC = 5.5V
10 9 8 CONVERSION GAIN (dB) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 TXEN = VCC IF = 400MHz EV KIT MATCH NETWORK AT TXMXOUT AND IF, IF NARROW BAND AT TXMXOUT, EV KIT MATCH AT IF, IF
3.5
1.5
0.5 VCC = 3.0V VCC = 2.7V -1.5
-0.5
3.0
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
RF FREQUENCY (GHz)
TEMPERATURE (C)
TRANSMIT MIXER GAIN AND NOISE FIGURE vs. LO POWER
MAX2411toc31
IF OR IF OUTPUT IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY
1000 RXEN = VCC IMAGINARY IMPEDANCE () 800 REAL IMPEDANCE () IMAGINARY -300
MAX2411Atoc32
LO PORT RETURN LOSS vs. FREQUENCY
5 10 RETURN LOSS (dB) 15 20 25 30 35 -1500 1000 40 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 FREQUENCY (GHz) RXEN = TXEN = VCC
MAX2411A-33
10 TXEN = VCC GAIN AND NOISE FIGURE (dB) 9 NF
0
0
8
GAIN
600 SINGLE-ENDED
-600
7
400
-900
6
200 REAL
-1200
5 -18 -15 -12 -9 -6 -3 0 LO POWER (dBm)
0 0 200 400 600 800 FREQUENCY (MHz)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7
Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver MAX2411A
______________________________________________________________Pin Description
PIN 1, 3, 4, 12, 14, 18, 20, 23, 28 2 5, 10 NAME GND LNAIN VCC FUNCTION Ground. Connect GND to the PC board ground plane with minimal inductance. RF Input to LNA. AC couple to this pin. At 1.9GHz, LNAIN can be easily matched to 50 with one external shunt 1pF capacitor. Supply Voltage (2.7V to 5.5V). Bypass VCC to GND at each pin with a 47pF capacitor as close to each pin as possible. Logic-Level Enable for Receiver Circuitry. A logic high turns on the receiver. When TXEN and RXEN are both at a logic high, the part is placed in standby mode, with a 160A (typical) supply current. If TXEN and RXEN are both at a logic low, the part is set to shutdown mode, with a 0.1A (typical) supply current. 50 Local-Oscillator (LO) Input Port. AC couple to this pin. 50 Inverting Local-Oscillator Input Port. For single-ended operation, connect LO directly to GND. If a differential LO signal is available, AC couple the inverted LO signal to this pin. Logic-Level Enable for Transmitter Circuitry. A logic high turns on the transmitter. When TXEN and RXEN are both at a logic high, the part is placed in standby mode, with a 160A (typical) supply current. If TXEN and RXEN are both at a logic low, the part is set to shutdown mode, with a 0.1A (typical) supply current. Gain-Control Input for PA Driver. By applying an analog control voltage between 0V and 2.15V, the gain of the PA driver can be adjusted over a 35dB range. Connect to VCC for maximum gain. Power Amplifier Driver Output. AC couple to this pin. Use external shunt inductor to VCC to match PADROUT to 50. This also provides DC bias. See the Typical Operating Characteristics for a plot of PADROUT Impedance vs. Frequency. PA Driver Input Grounds. Connect GND to the PC board ground plane with minimal inductance. RF Input to Variable-Gain Power Amplifier Driver. Internally matched to 50. AC couple to this pin. This input typically provides a 2:1 VSWR at 1.9GHz. AC couple to this pin. See the Typical Operating Characteristics for a plot of PADRIN Impedance vs. Frequency. RF Output of Transmit Mixer (upconverter). Use an external shunt inductor to VCC as part of a matching network to 50. This also provides DC bias. AC couple to this pin. See the Typical Operating Characteristics for a plot of TXMXOUT Impedance vs. Frequency. Differential IF Port of Transmit (Tx) and Receive (Rx) Mixers, Inverting Side. In Rx mode, this output is an open collector and should be pulled up to VCC with an inductor. This inductor can be part of the matching network to the desired IF impedance in both Tx and Rx modes. Additionally, a resistor may be placed across IF and IF to set a terminating impedance. In Tx mode, this input is internally AC-coupled; however, AC couple to this pin externally. For single-ended operation, connect this port to VCC and bypass with 1000pF capacitor to GND. Differential IF Port of Tx and Rx Mixers, Noninverting Side. In Rx mode, this output is an open collector and should be pulled up to VCC with an inductor. This inductor can be part of the matching network to the desired IF impedance in both Tx and Rx modes. Additionally, a resistor may be placed across IF and IF to set a terminating impedance. In Tx mode, this input is internally AC coupled; however, AC couple to this pin externally.
6
RXEN
7 8
LO LO
9
TXEN
11
GC
13 15, 17 16
PADROUT GND PADRIN
19
TXMXOUT
21
IF
22
IF
8
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver
_________________________________________________Pin Description (continued)
PIN 24 25 26 NAME RXMXIN GND GND FUNCTION RF Input to Receive Mixer (downconverter). This input typically requires a matching network for connecting to an external filter. AC couple to this pin. See the Typical Operating Characteristics for a plot of RXMXIN Impedance vs. Frequency. Receive Mixer Input Ground. Connect GND to the PC board ground plane with minimal inductance. LNA Output Ground. Connect GND to the PC board ground plane with minimal inductance. LNA Output. AC couple to this pin. This output typically provides a VSWR of better than 2:1 at frequencies from 1.7GHz to 3GHz with no external matching components. At other frequencies, a matching network may be required to match LNAOUT to an external filter. Consult the Typical Operating Characteristics for a plot of LNA Output Impedance vs. Frequency.
MAX2411A
27
LNAOUT
_______________Detailed Description
The MAX2411A consists of five major components: a transmit mixer followed by a variable-gain poweramplifier (PA) driver as well as a low-noise amplifier (LNA), receive mixer, and power-management section. The following sections describe each of the blocks in the MAX2411A Functional Diagram.
proper operation. These inductors are typically used as part of an IF matching network. In transmit mode, IF and IF are high-impedance inputs that are internally AC coupled to the transmit mixer. This internal AC coupling prevents the DC bias voltage required for the receive mixer outputs from reaching the transmit mixer inputs.
Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA)
The LNA is a wideband, single-ended cascode amplifier that can be used over a wide range of frequencies. Refer to the LNA Gain vs. Frequency graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics. Its port impedances are optimized for operation around 1.9GHz, requiring only a 1pF shunt capacitor at the LNA input for a VSWR of better than 2:1 and a noise figure of 2.4dB. As with every LNA, the input match can be traded off for better noise figure.
Receive Mixer
The receive mixer is a wideband, double-balanced design with excellent noise figure and linearity. Inputs to the mixer are the RF signal at the RXMXIN pin and the LO inputs at LO and LO. The downconverted output signal appears at the IF port. For more information, see the Bidirectional IF Port section. The conversion gain of the receive mixer is typically 9.4dB with a 9.2dB noise figure.
PA Driver
The PA driver has typically 15dB of gain, which is adjustable over a 35dB range via the GC pin. At full gain, the PA driver has a noise figure of 3.5dB at 1.9GHz. For input and output matching information, refer to the Typical Operating Characteristics for plots of PA Driver Input and Output Impedance vs. Frequency.
RF Input The RXMXIN input is typically connected to the LNA output through an off-chip filter. This input is externally matched to 50. See the Typical Operating Circuit for an example matching network and the Receive Mixer Input Impedance vs. Frequency graph in the Typical Operating Characteristics. Local-Oscillator Inputs The LO and LO pins are internally terminated with 50 on-chip resistors. AC couple the local-oscillator signal to these pins. If a single-ended LO source is used, connect LO directly to ground.
Bidirectional IF Port
The MAX2411A has a unique bidirectional differential IF port, which can eliminate the need for separate transmit and receive IF filters, reducing cost and component count. Consult the Typical Operating Circuit for more information. For single-ended operation, connect the unused IF port to VCC and bypass with a 1000pF capacitor to GND. In receive mode, the IF and IF pins are open-collector outputs that need external inductive pull-ups to VCC for
Transmit Mixer
The transmit mixer takes an IF signal at the IF port and upconverts it to an RF frequency at the TXMXOUT pin. For more information on the IF port, see the Bidirectional IF Port section. The conversion gain is typically 8.5dB, and the output 1dB compression point is typically 11.1dBm at 1.9GHz.
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Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver MAX2411A
RF Output The transmit mixer output appears on the TXMXOUT pin, an open-collector output that requires an external pull-up inductor for DC biasing, which can be part of an impedance matching network. Consult the Typical Operating Characteristics for a plot of TXMXOUT Impedance vs. Frequency.
Table 1. Advanced System PowerManagement Function
RXEN 0 0 1 1 TXEN 0 1 0 1 FUNCTION Shutdown Transmit Receive Standby mode
Advanced System Power Management
RXEN and TXEN are the two separate power-control inputs for the receiver and transmitter. If both inputs are at logic 0, the part enters shutdown mode, and the supply current drops below 1A. When one input is brought to logic 1, the corresponding function is enabled. If RXEN and TXEN are both set to logic 1, the part enters standby mode, as described in the Standby Mode section. Table 1 summarizes these operating modes. Power-down is guaranteed with a control voltage at or below 0.6V. The power-down function is designed to reduce the total power consumption to less than 1A in less than 2.5s. Complete power-up happens in the same amount of time.
at RF frequencies other than those specified in the AC Electrical Characteristics table, it may be necessary to design or alter the matching networks on the RF ports. If the IF frequency is different from that specified in the AC Electrical Characteristics table, the IF, IF matching network must also be altered. The Typical Operating Characteristics provide port impedance data versus frequency on all RF and IF ports for use in designing matching networks. The LO port (LO and LO) is internally terminated with 50 resistors and provides a VSWR of approximately 1.2:1 to 2GHz and 2:1 up to 3GHz.
Standby Mode When the TXEN and RXEN pins are both set to logic 1, all functions are disabled, and the supply current drops to 160A (typ); this mode is called Standby. This mode corresponds to a standby mode on the compatible IF transceiver chips MAX2510 and MAX2511.
Layout Issues
A properly designed PC board is essential to any RF/microwave circuit. Be sure to use controlled impedance lines on all high-frequency inputs and outputs. Use low-inductance connections to ground on all GND pins, and place decoupling capacitors close to all VCC connections. For the power supplies, a star topology works well. Each VCC node in the circuit has its own path to the central VCC and a decoupling capacitor that provides a low impedance at the RF frequency of interest. The central V CC node has a large decoupling capacitor as well. This provides good isolation between the different sections of the MAX2411A. The MAX2411A EV kit layout can be used as a guide to integrating the MAX2411A into your design.
__________Applications Information
Extended Frequency Range
The MAX2411A has been characterized at 1.9GHz for use in PCS-band applications. However, it operates over a much wider frequency range. The LNA gain and noise figure, PA driver gain, and mixer conversion gain are plotted over a wide frequency range in the Typical Operating Characteristics. When operating the device
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Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver
_________________________________________Typical Application Block Diagram
MAX2411A
RF BPF MATCH
LNAIN ANTENNA
IF MATCH IF IF BPF
IF
RF BPF
T/R
TXEN RXEN
POWER MANAGEMENT LO LOCAL OSCILLATOR
MAX2411
PA DRIVER PA RF BPF GC RF BPF MATCH MATCH
LO
PADROUT
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Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver MAX2411A
___________________________________________________Typical Operating Circuit
1 LNA INPUT (1.9GHz) 220pF 1pF 2 3 4 VCC 5 47pF VCC 28 220pF LNAIN GND GND LNAOUT GND GND 27 26 25 220pF VCC 27nH LO INPUT 220pF 8 VCC 10 47pF VCC VCC GND GND 1000pF 18nH 220pF PA OUTPUT (1.9GHz) 13 12 14 PADROUT GND GND TXMXOUT 19 1000pF 5.6nH 3.9nH 220pF Tx MIXER OUTPUT (1.9GHz) GND 20 17 18 VCC 1000pF LO IF 7 LO IF 22 27nH 1000pF 1000pF 21 27nH VCC 27nH 1000pF IF SAW FILTER (200) LNA OUTPUT
GND
GND
MAX2411A
RXMXIN GND
24 23
3.9nH
Rx MIXER INPUT (1.9GHz)
400MHz
TXEN RXEN GC
TXEN 6 RXEN 11 GC
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PADRIN GND
16 15
220pF
PA DRIVER INPUT
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Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver
Package Information
QSOP.EPS
MAX2411A
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Low-Cost RF Up/Downconverter with LNA and PA Driver MAX2411A
NOTES
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